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Graham Nelson ec38eb8d2f Improvements to how extensions can create kinds
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="../inform7n.html">Inform7</a></li><li><a href="index.html">runtime</a></li><li><a href="index.html#2">Chapter 2: Emission</a></li><li><b>Default Values</b></li></ul></div>
<p class="purpose">An unusual feature of Inform is that every kind has a default value, so that it is impossible for any variable or property to be uninitialised.</p>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;1. </b>The following should compile a default value for <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">K</span></span>, and return
</p>
<ul class="items"><li>(a) <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">TRUE</span></span> if it succeeded,
</li><li>(b) <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">FALSE</span></span> if it failed (because \(K\) had no values or no default could be
chosen), but no problem message has been issued about this, or
</li><li>(c) <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">NOT_APPLICABLE</span></span> if it failed and issued a specific problem message.
</li></ul>
<p class="commentary">The wording <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">W</span></span> and detail <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">storage_name</span></span> are used only to issue those problem
messages.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::array_entry</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup1')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup1">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::array_entry</span></span>:<br/>Tables - <a href="5-tbl.html#SP2_1_1_1_5">&#167;2.1.1.1.5</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">char</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">storage_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">value_holster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Holsters::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">INTER_DATA_VHMODE</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rv</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-dv.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::to_holster</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(&amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">storage_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_pair</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">val</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Holsters::unholster_to_pair</span><span class="plain-syntax">(&amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::generic_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">val</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rv</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::val</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup2')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup2">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::val</span></span>:<br/>Kind Constructors - <a href="5-kc.html#SP32_3_24">&#167;32.3.24</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">char</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">storage_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">value_holster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Holsters::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">INTER_DATA_VHMODE</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rv</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-dv.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::to_holster</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(&amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">storage_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Holsters::unholster_to_code_val</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="2-emt.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::tree</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(), &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rv</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::val_allowing_nothing</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">char</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">storage_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">value_holster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Holsters::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">INTER_DATA_VHMODE</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rv</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-dv.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::to_holster</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(&amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">storage_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Holsters::unholster_to_code_val</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="2-emt.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::tree</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(), &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rv</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::to_holster</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup3')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup3">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::to_holster</span></span>:<br/>Variables - <a href="5-vrb.html#SP16_1">&#167;16.1</a><br/>Properties - <a href="5-prp.html#SP9">&#167;9</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">value_holster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">char</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">storage_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">allow_nothing_object_as_default</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP1_3" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">"Value" is too vague to be the kind of a variable</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">1.3</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::Behaviour::definite</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP1_2" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">This is a kind not intended for end users at all</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">1.2</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_pair</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">def_val</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-dv.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::is_undef</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">def_val</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Holsters::value_pair_allowed</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Holsters::holster_pair</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">def_val</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"thwarted on gdv inter"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::Behaviour::is_subkind_of_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP1_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">The kind must have no instances, or it would have worked</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">1.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1_1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;1.1. </b><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">The kind must have no instances, or it would have worked</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">1.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">allow_nothing_object_as_default</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Holsters::holster_pair</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VH</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="2-dv.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Wordings::nonempty</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_wording_as_source</span><span class="plain-syntax">(1, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain-syntax">(2, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">(3, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">storage_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::handmade_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">PM_EmptyKind2</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_segment</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"I am unable to put any value into the %3 %1, which needs to be %2, because the "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"world does not contain %2."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_end</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain-syntax">(2, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::handmade_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">PM_EmptyKind</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_segment</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"I am unable to find %2 to use here, because the world does not contain %2."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_end</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NOT_APPLICABLE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP1">&#167;1</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1_2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;1.2. </b>The remaining problem messages are no longer seen, since better typechecking
higher up the compiler means that Inform no longer attempts to create variables
or properties with dubious kinds such as <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">value</span></span>.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">This is a kind not intended for end users at all</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">1.2</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Wordings::nonempty</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_wording_as_source</span><span class="plain-syntax">(1, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain-syntax">(2, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::handmade_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_segment</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"I am unable to create %1 with the kind of value '%2', because this is a kind "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"of value which is not allowed as something to be stored in properties, "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"variables and the like."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_end</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain-syntax">(1, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::handmade_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_segment</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"I am unable to create a value of the kind '%1' because this is a kind of value "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"which is not allowed as something to be stored in properties, variables and the "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"like."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_end</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NOT_APPLICABLE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP1">&#167;1</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1_3" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;1.3. </b><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">"Value" is too vague to be the kind of a variable</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">1.3</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_wording_as_source</span><span class="plain-syntax">(1, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::handmade_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_segment</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"I am unable to start %1 off with any value, because the instructions do not tell "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"me what kind of value it should be (a number, a time, some text perhaps?)."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_end</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NOT_APPLICABLE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP1">&#167;1</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2. </b>The above functions all convert into this one, where the actual choice is made.
If no choice is possible, the function simply returns the <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">undef</span></span> value.
</p>
<p class="commentary">We begin with some special cases where the default value depends on circumstances,
or has to be constructed in a more elaborate way. For example, the default value
of "vehicle" will depend on what vehicles have been created in the source text.
We then turn to the more typical case of kinds whose defaults never change &mdash;
for example, the default value of <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">K_number</span></span> is always 0.
</p>
<p class="commentary">The test case <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">DefaultValues</span></span> may be helpful when tinkering with this.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">inter_pair</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::to_value_pair</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup4')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup4">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::to_value_pair</span></span>:<br/><a href="2-dv.html#SP1">&#167;1</a>, <a href="2-dv.html#SP1_1">&#167;1.1</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::undef</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Constructed kinds stored as block values</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_2" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Base kinds stored as block values</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.2</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_3" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Object</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.3</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_4" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Kinds which have instances</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.4</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_5" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Kinds of object which have no instances</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.5</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_6" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Rulebook outcome</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.6</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_7" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Action name</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.7</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">default_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_8" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Block values not known to the compiler</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.8</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::len</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">) &gt; </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_9" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Kinds whose default values are set by Neptune files</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.9</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::undef</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2_1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2.1. </b>These cases are special because different default values are needed for
different constructions with the same constructor: the default phrase
from numbers to numbers is not the same as the one from texts to numbers,
for example.
</p>
<p class="commentary">In two cases here we need to compile something, which we stash inside the
package for the associated <a href="5-ki.html#SP5" class="internal">runtime_kind_structure</a>.
</p>
<p class="commentary">Something to look out for is that when the kind holds block values, stored by
reference, and when that kind is of values which may change, we need to return
a fresh copy each time. This applies in particular to lists and relations,
which are data structures which start out empty but may then grow. So they need
different pointers each time, to different copies of the empty object. (In
the case of lists, it's sufficient to return a new small block each time,
which each wrap the same large block.) Phrases do not have this issue since
they cannot be modified at runtime.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Constructed kinds stored as block values</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CON_relation</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="4-rl.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RelationLiterals::default</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CON_list_of</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP7" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">dv</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::default_value_from_rks</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">default_created</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">default_created</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="4-ll.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">ListLiterals::default_large_block</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">dv</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="4-ll.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">ListLiterals::small_block</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">dv</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CON_phrase</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP7" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">dv</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::default_value_from_rks</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">default_created</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">default_created</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Closures::compile_default_closure</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">dv</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">dv</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP2">&#167;2</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2_2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2.2. </b>Text has the same "new one each time" issue as lists and relations have;
stored action does not. Stored actions, again, cannot be modified at runtime.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Base kinds stored as block values</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.2</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_stored_action</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="4-sal.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">StoredActionLiterals::default</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">());</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="4-tl.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">TextLiterals::default_text</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">());</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP2">&#167;2</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2_3" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2.3. </b>The default value of <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">K_object</span></span> is <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">nothing</span></span>, which is represented at runtime
as the number 0.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Object</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.3</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::number</span><span class="plain-syntax">(0);</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP2">&#167;2</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2_4" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2.4. </b>For an enumeration or a subkind of object such as "thing", the default value
is the first one created. That makes for an interesting edge case when there
are no instances, as for example if the author writes:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">A</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">postage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stamp</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">is</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">of</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">thing</span><span class="plain-syntax">.</span>
<span class="identifier-syntax">The</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">most</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">valued</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stamp</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">is</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">postage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">stamp</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">that</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">varies</span><span class="plain-syntax">.</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary">...but never creates any postage stamps. The following will then fail to
find any instances...
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Kinds which have instances</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.4</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">instance</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_OVER_INSTANCES</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">N</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="5-ins.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTInstances::value_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">N</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::Behaviour::is_an_enumeration</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::undef</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP2">&#167;2</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2_5" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2.5. </b>...and that will take us here. Ordinarily we just <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">return</span></span>, triggering a
problem message higher up because we couldn't find a default value.
</p>
<p class="commentary">But we bend the rules and allow <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">nothing</span></span> as the default value of all kinds of
objects when the source text is a roomless one used only to rerelease an old
Z-machine story file; this effectively suppresses problem messages which the
absence of rooms would otherwise result in.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Kinds of object which have no instances</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.5</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::Behaviour::is_subkind_of_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::wraps_existing_storyfile</span><span class="plain-syntax">())</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::number</span><span class="plain-syntax">(0);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::undef</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP2">&#167;2</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2_6" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2.6. </b>Rulebook outcomes are very nearly an enumeration, too, and follow the same
conventions.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Rulebook outcome</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.6</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_rulebook_outcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="5-rlb.html#SP16" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTRulebooks::default_outcome_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">());</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP2">&#167;2</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2_7" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2.7. </b>Whereas the default action name is <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">##Wait</span></span>. This is handled as a special
case to avoid having to parse double-sharp notation below.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Action name</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.7</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_action_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wait</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="5-act2.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTActions::double_sharp</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ActionsPlugin::default_action_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">());</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wait</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP2">&#167;2</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2_8" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2.8. </b>If we reach here, we need to take care of a block value not anticipated by
the compiler, i.e., one created in the Neptune files of some kit. We interpret
the absence of any specified default value as meaning "fill a small block with
all zeros", and otherwise we look for a comma-separated list to fill it.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Block values not known to the compiler</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.8</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::Behaviour::uses_block_values</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">small_block</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="4-enc.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Enclosures::new_small_block_for_constant</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">packaging_state</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">save</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::begin_unchecked</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">small_block</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">extent</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::Behaviour::get_short_block_size</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-th.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">TheHeap::emit_block_value_header</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">extent</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::len</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">=0; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">&lt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">extent</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::numeric_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(0);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">err</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">count</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TEMPORARY_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">=0, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">state</span><span class="plain-syntax">=1; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">&lt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::len</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">); </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inchar32_t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::get_at</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">switch</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">state</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">: </span><span class="comment-syntax"> waiting for term</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="character-syntax">' '</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="character-syntax">','</span><span class="plain-syntax">) { </span><span class="identifier-syntax">err</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PUT_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">); </span><span class="identifier-syntax">state</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">: </span><span class="comment-syntax"> reading term</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="character-syntax">' '</span><span class="plain-syntax">) { </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_8_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Complete term</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.8.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">state</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="character-syntax">','</span><span class="plain-syntax">) { </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_8_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Complete term</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.8.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">state</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PUT_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">: </span><span class="comment-syntax"> waiting for comma</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="character-syntax">' '</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="character-syntax">','</span><span class="plain-syntax">) { </span><span class="identifier-syntax">state</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">err</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PUT_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">); </span><span class="identifier-syntax">state</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_8_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Complete term</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.8.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">DISCARD_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">count</span><span class="plain-syntax"> != </span><span class="identifier-syntax">extent</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">err</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">err</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">StandardProblems::handmade_problem</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Task::syntax_tree</span><span class="plain-syntax">(), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">_p_</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Untestable</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain-syntax">(1, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax">(2, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::quote_number</span><span class="plain-syntax">(3, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">extent</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_segment</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"I am unable to create default values for the kind %1, because the "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"the default value given in its Neptune definition, '%2', is not a "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"comma-separated list of the right number of values for its short "</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"block extent (i.e., %3), with all of those being numbers or symbol names."</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Problems::issue_problem_end</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP5" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::end</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">save</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">small_block</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP2">&#167;2</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2_8_1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2.8.1. </b><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Complete term</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.8.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::len</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax">) &gt; </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_pair</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">val</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-dv.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::from_Neptune_term</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::is_undef</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">val</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">err</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::numeric_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(0);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::generic_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">val</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::clear</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">count</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP2_8">&#167;2.8</a> (three times).</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2_9" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2.9. </b>Now we reach the most general case, where the default value is something fixed
and specified by a brief textual description taken from a Neptune file.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Kinds whose default values are set by Neptune files</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">2.9</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-dv.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::from_Neptune_term</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="2-dv.html#SP2">&#167;2</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP3" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;3. </b>That description has to be very simple: a literal number, <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">true</span></span>, <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">false</span></span>, or an
identifier name which the linker will be able to find &mdash; maybe a function name,
maybe an array, maybe a constant.
</p>
<p class="commentary">This is faster than it looks, but still not fast, and there would be a case to
cache the result. But if so be careful: it would only be safe to cache the
numerical results, because only those are the same in all packages. Symbol
names, for example, are not.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">inter_pair</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::from_Neptune_term</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup5')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup5">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultValues::from_Neptune_term</span></span>:<br/><a href="2-dv.html#SP2_8_1">&#167;2.8.1</a>, <a href="2-dv.html#SP2_9">&#167;2.9</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_pair</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">val</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::number_from_I6_notation</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::is_undef</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">val</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">val</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"true"</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::number</span><span class="plain-syntax">(1);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"false"</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">InterValuePairs::number</span><span class="plain-syntax">(0);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">hl</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-hrr.html#SP9" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Hierarchy::kind_default</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">textual_description</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::to_value_pair</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="2-hrr.html#SP11" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Hierarchy::find</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">hl</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
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