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Graham Nelson ec38eb8d2f Improvements to how extensions can create kinds
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<ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="../inform7n.html">Inform7</a></li><li><a href="index.html">runtime</a></li><li><a href="index.html#5">Chapter 5: Provision Submodules</a></li><li><b>Kind IDs</b></li></ul></div>
<p class="purpose">To compile the equations submodule for a compilation unit, which contains _equation packages.</p>
<ul class="toc"><li><a href="5-ki.html#SP1">&#167;1. IDs</a></li><li><a href="5-ki.html#SP10">&#167;10. Introspection</a></li></ul><hr class="tocbar">
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;1. IDs. </b>Sometimes a kind has to be stored as an I6 integer value at run-time. I6 is
typeless, so some of the routines and data structures in the I6 template need
these integer values to tell them what they are looking at. For instance, the
<span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">ActionData</span></span> table records the kinds of the noun and second noun to which an
action applies.
</p>
<p class="commentary">We have two forms of description: strong and weak. Strong IDs really do
uniquely identify kinds, and thus distinguish "list of lists of texts" from
"list of numbers". Weak IDs are defined by:
</p>
<p class="commentary">Dogma. If a value \(v\) has kind \(K\), and we want to use it as a value
of kind \(W\), then
</p>
<ul class="items"><li>(a) if \(K\) and \(W\) have different weak IDs then this is impossible;
</li><li>(b) if they have equal weak IDs then run-time code can tell from \(v\) alone
whether this is possible.
</li></ul>
<p class="commentary">For instance, all objects have the same weak ID, but we can distinguish kinds
like "vehicle" by a test like <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">(v ofclass K27_vehicle)</span></span>; all lists have the
same weak ID, but the block of data for a list on the heap contains the strong
ID for the kind of list entries, so we can always find out dynamically what
sort of list it is.
</p>
<p class="commentary">(Intermediate kinds do not conform to Dogma, but this does not matter,
because they are made to order and are never assigned to storage objects
like variables. That's what makes them intermediate.)
</p>
<p class="commentary">Weak IDs have already appeared:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::identifier_for_weak_ID</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup1')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup1">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::identifier_for_weak_ID</span></span>:<br/>Kind Constructors - <a href="5-kc.html#SP6">&#167;6</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind_constructor</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kc</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::len</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kc</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">explicit_identifier</span><span class="plain-syntax">) &gt; </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kc</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">explicit_identifier</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">invented</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">invented</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="string-syntax">"WEAK_ID_%d"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kc</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">allocation_id</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">invented</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::weak_iname</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup2')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup2">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::weak_iname</span></span>:<br/><a href="5-ki.html#SP2">&#167;2</a>, <a href="5-ki.html#SP6">&#167;6</a>, <a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1">&#167;9.1</a><br/>Emit Code - <a href="2-ec.html#SP9">&#167;9</a><br/>The Heap - <a href="2-th.html#SP6">&#167;6</a><br/>Short Names - <a href="2-sn.html#SP4_1">&#167;4.1</a><br/>Kind Constructors - <a href="5-kc.html#SP32_3_26">&#167;32.3.26</a><br/>Command Grammar Tokens - <a href="7-cgt.html#SP1_2_1">&#167;1.2.1</a>, <a href="7-cgt.html#SP1_2_2">&#167;1.2.2</a>, <a href="7-cgt.html#SP1_2_3">&#167;1.2.3</a>, <a href="7-cgt.html#SP1_2_4">&#167;1.2.4</a>, <a href="7-cgt.html#SP1_2_5">&#167;1.2.5</a>, <a href="7-cgt.html#SP1_2_6">&#167;1.2.6</a>, <a href="7-cgt.html#SP1_2_7">&#167;1.2.7</a>, <a href="7-cgt.html#SP1_2_9">&#167;1.2.9</a>, <a href="7-cgt.html#SP1_2_10_2_1">&#167;1.2.10.2.1</a>, <a href="7-cgt.html#SP1_2_10_2_2">&#167;1.2.10.2.2</a><br/>Parse Name Properties - <a href="7-pnp.html#SP8">&#167;8</a>, <a href="7-pnp.html#SP10">&#167;10</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-kc.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindConstructors::weak_ID_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">CON_UNKNOWN</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::Behaviour::is_subkind_of_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind_constructor</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">con</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iname</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="5-kc.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindConstructors::weak_ID_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">con</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOG</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"%u has no weak ID iname\n"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"kind has no weak ID iname"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::weak_iname_of_constructor</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup3')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup3">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::weak_iname_of_constructor</span></span>:<br/>Kind Constructors - <a href="5-kc.html#SP32_2_1">&#167;32.2.1</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind_constructor</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kc</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kc</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-kc.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindConstructors::weak_ID_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">CON_UNKNOWN</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::Behaviour::is_subkind_of_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::base_construction</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kc</span><span class="plain-syntax">)))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::weak_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-kc.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindConstructors::weak_ID_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kc</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2. </b>And the following compiles an easier-on-the-eye form of the weak ID, but
which might occupy up to 31 characters, the maximum length of an I6 identifier:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::write_weak_identifier</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"%n"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::weak_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::emit_weak_ID_as_val</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup4')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup4">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::emit_weak_ID_as_val</span></span>:<br/><a href="5-ki.html#SP6">&#167;6</a><br/>Showme Command - <a href="2-sc.html#SP6_1">&#167;6.1</a>, <a href="2-sc.html#SP6_1_1">&#167;6.1.1</a>, <a href="2-sc.html#SP6_1_1_1">&#167;6.1.1.1</a><br/>Scene Instances - <a href="5-si.html#SP6_1">&#167;6.1</a><br/>Rulebooks - <a href="5-rlb.html#SP16">&#167;16</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ec.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitCode::val_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::weak_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP3" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;3. </b>The strong ID is a faithful representation of the <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">kind</span></span> structure,
so we don't need access to its value for comparison purposes; we just need
to be able to compile it.
</p>
<p class="commentary">Clearly a single 16-bit integer isn't enough to represent the full range of
kinds. We could get closer to this if we used a trick like the one attributed to
Ritchie and Johnson in chapter 6.3 of the Dragon book (Aho, Sethi and Ullman,
"Compilers", 1986), where lower bits of a word store the base kind for the
underlying data and upper bits record constructors applied to this.
</p>
<p class="commentary">But instead we exploit the fact that integers and addresses are interchangeable
in I6. If a strong ID value <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">t</span></span> is in the range \(1\leq t&lt;H\), where \(H\) is the
constant <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">BASE_KIND_HWM</span></span>, then it's an ID number in its own right. If not, it's
a pointer to a small array in memory: <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">t--&gt;0</span></span> is the weak ID; <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">t--&gt;1</span></span> is the
arity of the construction, which must be greater than 0 since otherwise we
wouldn't need the pointer; and <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">t--&gt;2</span></span> and subsequent represent strong IDs
for the kinds constructed on. A simplification is that tuples are converted
out of their binary-tree structure into a flat list, which means that the
arity can be arbitrarily large and is not always 1 or 2.
</p>
<p class="commentary">For example, for a base kind like "number", the strong ID is the same as
the weak ID; both in this case will be equal to the compiled I6 constant <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">NUMBER_TY</span></span>.
But for a construction like "list of texts", the strong ID is a pointer to
the array <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">LIST_OF_TY 1 TEXT_TY</span></span>.
</p>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP4" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;4. </b>Strong IDs are a superset of weak IDs for base kinds like "number", but not
for constructions like "list of numbers", where the strong and weak IDs are
different values at run-time. The following general code is sufficient to turn a
strong ID into a weak one:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">strong</span><span class="plain-syntax"> &gt;= </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) &amp;&amp; (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">strong</span><span class="plain-syntax"> &lt; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">BASE_KIND_HWM</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weak</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strong</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">weak</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">strong</span><span class="plain-syntax">--&gt;0;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary">We must be careful with comparisons because a strong ID may be numerically
negative if it's a pointer into the upper half of virtual machine memory.
</p>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP5" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;5. </b>In order to be able to give a reasonably complete description of a kind of
value at run-time, we need to store small data structures describing them,
and the following keeps track of which ones we need to make:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">typedef</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind_described</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">parse_node</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">default_requested_here</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">make_default</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">package_request</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks_package</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">default_created</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks_dv_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CLASS_DEFINITION</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">} </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>The structure runtime_kind_structure is accessed in 2/dv and here.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP6" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;6. </b>In order to make sure each distinct kind has a unique strong ID, we must
ensure that we always point to the same array every time the same construction
turns up. This means remembering everything we've seen, using a new structure:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::strong_ID_array_entry</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup5')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup5">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::strong_ID_array_entry</span></span>:<br/><a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1_1">&#167;9.1.1</a>, <a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1_1_1">&#167;9.1.1.1</a>, <a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1_1_2">&#167;9.1.1.2</a><br/>List Literals - <a href="4-ll.html#SP1">&#167;1</a><br/>Relation Literals - <a href="4-rl.html#SP1">&#167;1</a><br/>Relations - <a href="5-rlt.html#SP6_3_4">&#167;6.3.4</a>, <a href="5-rlt.html#SP7">&#167;7</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP7" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::iname_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::iname_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="5-ki.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::weak_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::emit_strong_ID_as_val</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup6')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup6">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::emit_strong_ID_as_val</span></span>:<br/>The Heap - <a href="2-th.html#SP5">&#167;5</a><br/>Relations - <a href="5-rlt.html#SP6_2">&#167;6.2</a>, <a href="5-rlt.html#SP6_4_9_1">&#167;6.4.9.1</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP7" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ec.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitCode::val_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::emit_weak_ID_as_val</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::define_constant_as_strong_id</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup7')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup7">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::define_constant_as_strong_id</span></span>:<br/>Instances - <a href="5-ins.html#SP4">&#167;4</a><br/>Table Columns - <a href="5-tc.html#SP2">&#167;2</a><br/>Actions - <a href="5-act2.html#SP8_3">&#167;8.3</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP7" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::iname_constant</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::iname_constant</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::weak_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP7" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;7. </b>Thus the following routine must return <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">NULL</span></span> if \(K\) is a kind whose weak
ID is the same as its strong ID &mdash; if it's a base kind, in other words &mdash;
and otherwise return a pointer to a unique <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span></span> for \(K\).
</p>
<p class="commentary">Note that a <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">CON_TUPLE_ENTRY</span></span> node is recursed downwards through, to ensure
that its leaves are passed through <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></span>, but no RKS structure is made
for it &mdash; this is because none is needed, since we're going to roll up
tuple subtrees into flat arrays. Recall that <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">CON_TUPLE_ENTRY</span></span> nodes are
"punctuation", not base kinds in their own right. We can never see them
here except as a result of recursion.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup8')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup8">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></span>:<br/><a href="5-ki.html#SP6">&#167;6</a><br/>Default Values - <a href="2-dv.html#SP2_1">&#167;2.1</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::arity_of_constructor</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax"> &gt; </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) != </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CON_TUPLE_ENTRY</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="5-ki.html#SP7_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Find or make a runtime kind structure for the kind</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">7.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">switch</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">: {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">k</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::unary_construction_material</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP7" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">k</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">: {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">k</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">, *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">l</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::binary_construction_material</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">k</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">l</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP7" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">k</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP7" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">l</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP7_1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;7.1. </b>The following implies a quadratic running time in the number of distinct
constructed kinds of value seen across the source text, which may become a
performance problem later on. But at present this number is surprisingly
small &mdash; often less than 10. On the principle that premature optimisation
is the root of all evil, I'm leaving it quadratic.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Find or make a runtime kind structure for the kind</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">7.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_OVER</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">kind_described</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="5-ki.html#SP7_1_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Create a new runtime kind ID structure</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">7.1.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="5-ki.html#SP7">&#167;7</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP7_1_1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;7.1.1. </b>The following aims to provide helpful identifiers such as <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">KD7_list_of_texts</span></span>.
Sometime it succeeds. At all events it must provide unique ones which will
compile under Inform 6.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Create a new runtime kind ID structure</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">7.1.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CREATE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">kind_described</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">make_default</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">default_requested_here</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_package</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-hrr.html#SP19" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Hierarchy::local_package</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="constant-syntax">DERIVED_KIND_HAP</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TEMPORARY_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">TEMP</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::Textual::write</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">TEMP</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Feeds::feed_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">TEMP</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-hrr.html#SP13" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Hierarchy::make_iname_with_memo</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="constant-syntax">DK_KIND_HL</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_package</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">DISCARD_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">TEMP</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">default_created</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_dv_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="5-ki.html#SP7_1">&#167;7.1</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP8" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;8. </b>It's convenient to combine this system with one which constructs default
values for kinds, since both involve tracking constructions uniquely.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::default_value_from_rks</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup9')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup9">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::default_value_from_rks</span></span>:<br/>Default Values - <a href="2-dv.html#SP2_1">&#167;2.1</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">make_default</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">default_requested_here</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">default_requested_here</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">current_sentence</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_dv_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_dv_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax"> =</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-hrr.html#SP12" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Hierarchy::make_iname_in</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="constant-syntax">DK_DEFAULT_VALUE_HL</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_package</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_dv_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;9. </b>At the end of Inform's run, then, we have seen various interesting kinds
of value and compiled pointers to arrays representing them. But we haven't
compiled the arrays themselves; so we do that now.
</p>
<p class="commentary">Because these are recursive structures &mdash; the array for a strong ID often
contains references to other strong ID arrays &mdash; it may look as if there's
a risk of further RKS structures being generated, which might make the loop
behave oddly. But this doesn't happen because <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">RTKindIDs::get_rks</span></span> has already
recursively scanned through for us, so that if we have seen a construction
\(K\), we have also seen its bases.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::compile_structures</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_OVER</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">kind_described</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Compile the runtime ID structure for this kind</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="5-ki.html#SP9_2" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Annotate rks package</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.2</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9_1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;9.1. </b><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Compile the runtime ID structure for this kind</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">packaging_state</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">save</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::begin_word</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::iname_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="5-ki.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::weak_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Compile the list of strong IDs for the bases</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.1.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP5" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::end</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">save</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="5-ki.html#SP9">&#167;9</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9_1_1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;9.1.1. </b><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Compile the list of strong IDs for the bases</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.1.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::arity_of_constructor</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CON_phrase</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax">--;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">, *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">result</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::binary_construction_material</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">result</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1_1_2" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Expand out a tuple subtree into a simple array</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.1.1.2</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::strong_ID_array_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">result</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CON_combination</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax">--;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::unary_construction_material</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1_1_2" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Expand out a tuple subtree into a simple array</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.1.1.2</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1_1_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Expand out regular bases</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.1.1.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1">&#167;9.1</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9_1_1_1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;9.1.1.1. </b><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Expand out regular bases</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.1.1.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::numeric_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_ti</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">switch</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">: {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::unary_construction_material</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::strong_ID_array_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">: {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">, *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Y</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::binary_construction_material</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Y</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::strong_ID_array_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::strong_ID_array_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Y</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1_1">&#167;9.1.1</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9_1_1_2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;9.1.1.2. </b><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Expand out a tuple subtree into a simple array</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.1.1.2</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">while</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CON_TUPLE_ENTRY</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::binary_construction_material</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ea.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitArrays::numeric_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_ti</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::unary_construction_material</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">while</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CON_TUPLE_ENTRY</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">arity</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::binary_construction_material</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">X</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="5-ki.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::strong_ID_array_entry</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">term</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="5-ki.html#SP9_1_1">&#167;9.1.1</a> (twice).</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9_2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;9.2. </b><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Annotate rks package</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">9.2</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_OVER</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">runtime_kind_structure</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">md_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-hrr.html#SP12" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Hierarchy::make_iname_in</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="constant-syntax">DK_NEEDED_MD_HL</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_package</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">make_default</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::numeric_constant</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">md_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">, (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_ti</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::numeric_constant</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">md_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">, (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_ti</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-emt.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Emit::iname_constant</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><a href="2-hrr.html#SP12" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Hierarchy::make_iname_in</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="constant-syntax">DK_STRONG_ID_HL</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_package</span><span class="plain-syntax">), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">rks</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">rks_iname</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="5-ki.html#SP9">&#167;9</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP10" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;10. Introspection. </b>Our runtime code is only capable of very limited introspection: given a
value known to be some kind of object, it can test what kind that is. This
is done with Inter's <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">OFCLASS_BIP</span></span> primitive, and note that this refers to
the kind the way that Inter does &mdash; i.e., by means of the symbol used as
an identifier in the declaration of that kind.
</p>
<p class="commentary">Testing <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">X ofclass ID</span></span>, where <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">ID</span></span> is either the strong or the weak ID, does
not work, and in fact there is in general no way to take a value at runtime
and produce its strong or weak ID. In other words, this works only for
objects. But it is also only needed for objects.
</p>
<p class="commentary">This function, then, would have <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">subj</span></span> equal to the subject for the kind
"container" in order to test the condition \({\it container}(x)\). It returns
<span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">TRUE</span></span> if code was required to perform that test, <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">FALSE</span></span> if the test was
already true and required no code. That will in fact happen if <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">subj</span></span> is
not a kind of object, because then the typechecker will have proved already
that the value \(x\) has this kind &mdash; in other words, the checking will have
been done at compile time.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">RTKindIDs::emit_element_of_condition</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">inference_subject_family</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">family</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inference_subject</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">subj</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">inter_symbol</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">t0_s</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">kind</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">KindSubjects::to_kind</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">subj</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::Behaviour::is_subkind_of_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ec.html#SP14" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitCode::inv</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OFCLASS_BIP</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ec.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitCode::down</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ec.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitCode::val_symbol</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t0_s</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ec.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitCode::val_iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="2-kd.html#SP5" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">RTKindDeclarations::iname</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ec.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitCode::up</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Kinds::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_object</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-ec.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">EmitCode::val_symbol</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">K_value</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t0_s</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
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